徑向鍛造
2020.04.14徑(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造是專門加工實心(xin)或空心(xin)軸(zhou)類零件(jian)的旋(xuan)轉鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造方(fang)(fang)法。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造時﹐分布在棒料圓周方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的錘(chui)頭(2～8個(ge))對工件(jian)快速和同步鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)打。如(ru)工件(jian)為圓截面(mian)﹐則一(yi)面(mian)低速旋(xuan)轉﹐一(yi)面(mian)軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)進給移動(dong)﹔如(ru)工件(jian)為非圓截面(mian)﹐則只軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)進給而(er)不旋(xuan)轉。徑(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造的特點不需要專用模具﹐能(neng)按預定(ding)程(cheng)序鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)出精密的軸(zhou)類零件(jian)。徑(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造每(mei)(mei)次壓縮量小﹐每(mei)(mei)分鐘(zhong)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)打次數(shu)高﹐一(yi)般為240～1800次/分﹐能(neng)提高金屬(shu)的塑性。這(zhe)種方(fang)(fang)法可用於熱鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)或冷鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。
鍛(duan)(duan)件的精(jing)度﹕熱鍛(duan)(duan)的外徑(jing)±0.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)﹐內徑(jing)±0.1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)﹔冷(leng)鍛(duan)(duan)的外徑(jing)±0.1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)﹐內徑(jing)±0.01毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)。
鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造所用設(she)(she)備分(fen)精(jing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)和輪(lun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)兩類。用精(jing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造時﹐工(gong)(gong)件(jian)一(yi)面(mian)軸向(xiang)(xiang)送(song)進(jin)一(yi)面(mian)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)﹐錘(chui)頭(tou)徑向(xiang)(xiang)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)打。這類機(ji)器多用程序控(kong)制﹑數字控(kong)制或微處理控(kong)制系統自動(dong)操(cao)作﹐生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效率高(gao)﹐用以建(jian)立熱鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)火車(che)軸等自動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線和冷鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)槍(qiang)管(guan)來(lai)復線等。精(jing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)有立式(shi)(shi)和臥式(shi)(shi)之分(fen)。還(huan)有一(yi)種設(she)(she)備鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造時﹐工(gong)(gong)件(jian)只送(song)進(jin)﹐不旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)﹐多用于鋼(gang)廠(chang)﹐將(jiang)鋼(gang)錠直接鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)成方鋼(gang)﹑扁鋼(gang)等。輪(lun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)有2或4個錘(chui)頭(tou)﹐錘(chui)頭(tou)一(yi)面(mian)圍繞工(gong)(gong)件(jian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)﹐一(yi)面(mian)對(dui)向(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)徑向(xiang)(xiang)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)打﹐工(gong)(gong)件(jian)只軸向(xiang)(xiang)送(song)進(jin)。輪(lun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)結構(gou)簡單﹐價格低﹐但自動(dong)化程度低﹐噪音大。
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